Economic outcome
Qualified sales less operating, logistics, penalty and inventory costs. Preserve future access and useful blending stock.
TIVANI MINE OS / AI PRODUCTION COORDINATION
One mine.
AI driving
the work.
An AI-first operating workspace that turns approved plans, material and capacity into qualified product and accountable delivery.
Agents investigate, develop alternatives, coordinate people and tools, and follow accepted work through to results. One product, built around validated engineering.
New to mining? Browse the glossary, or hover over any dotted-underlined term for a definition. Tap on touchscreens.
Proposed system · Illustrative scenarios · No live mine connection
01 / INTELLIGENCE IN THE OPERATING LOOPMINE → PRODUCT
01 / PURPOSE & BOUNDARYMake the whole operation
Make the whole operation
work as one.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
Maintain and execute one feasible mine-to-product plan: establish repeatable qualified production, then improve realised contribution as operating evidence accumulates.
Feasible commitments
Respect approved mine plans, material balances, equipment limits, accepted processing capacity and decision rights.
The right horizon
During ramp-up, establish repeatable qualified production within budget. As evidence improves, optimise contribution and reliability.
02 / DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM BOUNDARYFour operating stages. One shared plan.
Follow the material. Then follow the records.
Ferrox’s announced project includes preparation and processing. The initial route uses its mine site and a contracted toll plant. Mine OS coordinates this whole operating chain; each stage returns evidence of what it received, did and produced.
Solid arrows: material to the next stage Dotted arrows: records returned to the OS
TIVANI MINE OS · AGREED PLAN
What material, how much, where, when and who?
Agents prepare, coordinate and follow the plan. Release requires valid resources, technical limits and partner acceptance, plus an applicable delegated mandate or explicit approval.
01AT THE MINEExtract &
Extract &
keep separate
Mine approved sources and keep each lot identifiable.
Material sent onwardIdentified mined material
Ferrox + mining contractorWhat was mined?
- Source, weight & moisture
- Which lot moved, its measured weight and the water it contains.
- Assays
- Lab tests of sample composition, linked to the material lot.
02AT THE PREPARATION SITEWash &
Wash &
prepare
Reclaim stored material, wash it and blend only within an approved recipe.
Material sent onwardPrepared feed for processing
Site operationsWhat is ready to process?
- Dry mass & rejects
- Solid material after correcting for water; material removed during preparation.
- Availability
- The equipment, water and operating time actually available.
03AT THE CONTRACTED TOLL PLANTProcess
Process
for a fee
A toll processor runs a defined campaign using an agreed process route.
Material sent onwardIlmenite / magnetite concentrates
Toll operator under Ferrox’s arrangementWhat did processing deliver?
- Campaign results
- Input and product weights, assays, processing time and losses.
- Acceptance & progress
- The processor confirms its slot, then acknowledges and reports the work.
04AT THE CUSTOMER HANDOFFTest &
Test &
deliver
Check product specifications and deliver accepted consignments.
Material deliveredQualified product to the customer
Commercial + logisticsWas the delivery accepted?
- Product acceptance
- Whether the tested lot meets the customer’s agreed requirements.
- Delivery receipt
- What quantity arrived, where and when; any shortage or rejection.
↓ RECORDS FROM ALL FOUR STAGES RETURN TO THE SAME OS
Check identity and units
Reconcile material and commitments
Keep, revise or hold the plan
Assays describe composition; dry mass describes quantity. Availability describes usable resources; acknowledgements and receipts establish work status. Together they update the next operating decision.
READING THE MEASUREMENTSQuantity and composition
Quantity and composition
answer different questions.
Dry mass: how much solid material is present, excluding water.
Assay: a laboratory result showing what a sample contains, such as Fe or TiO₂. Sampling quality determines how well it represents the lot.
See the measurement definitions →100 tonnes of wet material
ILLUSTRATIVE100 wet t × (1 − 0.10) = 90 dry t
Here, moisture is 10% of the wet mass. “Dry tonnes” express the solids quantity; the load may still be physically wet. Water removal alone is not a loss of dry solids.
Use matched mass and moisture measurements, with an explicit wet-basis moisture fraction.Two development routes must stay distinct. The August announcement describes preparation and toll processing. The corporate deck also presents a larger plant and downstream upgrading concepts. The OS must use a versioned, approved flowsheet for the actual campaign; equipment, grade targets and recoveries cannot be transferred between routes without evidence.
The OS issues work to accountable people and existing operating systems. Local controls and engineering authorities retain their established responsibilities.
PRODUCT STRATEGY / BUILD & OWNOne product.
One product.
Clear ownership.
A frontend, backend and AI engineering team owns the operating experience. Mining specialists supply the plans, models and technical limits that make its decisions actionable.
THE OFFER
Give Tivani an AI operations workspace that prepares the next feasible decision, coordinates accepted work, and explains what each campaign delivered.
First complete capability: AI production coordination, from material readiness to campaign close-out.03 / THE PRODUCT WE OWNOne experience · One operational model
OUR PRODUCT TEAM
Tivani Mine OS
Daily plan · Material position · Agent missions · Decisions · Partner commitments
AI executiveInvestigate, plan, delegate, act and follow up
Operational stateMaterial, resources, evidence and promises
Work coordinationAuthority, reservations, delivery and follow-up
↑ Approved knowledge & records↓ Scoped calculation requests & accepted work
Plans, recipes & limits
Versioned outputs from mine planners and metallurgists; technical owners establish where they apply.
Models & calculations
Selected software or engineering services for geology, mining optimisation and process response.
Systems & partners
Lab, weighbridge, contractor, toll processor and commercial records, through agreed interfaces.
The operating product
Interface, AI missions, evidence search, structured records, resource reservations, partner workflows, approvals, notifications, evaluations and audit history.
The operating knowledge
Approved recipes, decision rights, measurements, acceptance criteria, operating envelopes and business rules. Developers implement them; technical owners validate their meaning.
The mining science
Geological models, pit design and optimisation, process simulation, metallurgy and rigorous metal reconciliation. The team integrates these capabilities with explicit ownership.
A concrete starting point. Ferrox has announced a purchase order with Sound Mining for mine-plan optimisation. Start by consuming the approved plan and its revisions. Company announcement ↗
02 / SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREAn AI executive.
An AI executive.
A complete operating loop.
The agent develops and pursues an operating plan across evidence, models, people and systems. These seven functions describe responsibilities inside one product; they are not seven mandatory applications or agents.
OPERATING MANDATE
Objectives + approved limits + decision rights + planning horizon
Goals, tools, authority & technical boundariesSELECT A COMPONENT TO INSPECT
Swipe the diagram to follow connections, or select a component below.
Decision & work flow Context & feedback
Seven responsibilities inside one product. The AI executive chooses the tools and analyses required for the mission; focused agents can work in parallel when useful.
THREE DISTINCT MEMORIESEvidence, commitments and knowledge
Evidence, commitments and knowledge
stay connected.
What we believe now
Measured material, evidence quality, resource availability and active investigations.
What we committed
Decisions, tool actions, forecasts, approvals, acceptance and work status.
What we have learned
Validated engineering models, reusable operating playbooks and evaluated agent skills.
AGENCY & ACCOUNTABILITYCapable agents.
Capable agents.
Explicit authority.
Agents pursue goals, adapt their approach, analyse evidence and operate tools. The mandate specifies which actions they may complete and when a responsible person must decide.
Give the agent the whole task.
“Keep the next campaign ready” becomes a persistent mission. The agent follows dependencies, investigates conflicts, calls specialist tools, prepares alternatives, coordinates accepted actions and checks results.
It can delegate focused analyses, write and run analytical code in a controlled workspace, compare evidence across documents, and revise its plan when new information arrives.
Novel technical ideas can be developed and tested as proposals. An approved engineering basis determines when a physical operating change is eligible for execution.
Inspect the implementation →EXPLORE THREE SCOPES OF AUTHORITYDesign example
Agent completes
Decision boundary
Mine planner / metallurgist
Approve new technical routes, recipes, model versions and changes to operating limits.
Site manager / supervisor
Set delegated playbooks and limits; decide exceptions and authorise work outside them.
Processor / commercial owner
Accept processing commitments and commercial terms through an explicit, traceable workflow.
03 / INPUTS & OUTPUTSEvidence goes in.
Evidence goes in.
Accountable work comes out.
Each input needs identity, time, units, provenance and quality. Each work instruction needs an owner, conditions and evidence of completion.
What the OS receives
Operating intent
Priorities, budget, risk limits, horizon and authority.
Material evidence
Survey, source identity, assays, wet mass, moisture, movements, product tests and their revisions.
Feasible operating envelope
Approved sequence, recipes, equipment readiness, maintenance holds, water, power, personnel and process limits.
Commercial & partner terms
Product qualification, costs, budget, price assumptions, logistics, payment terms and accepted toll slots.
Commitments & results
Reserved stock, in-flight work, acknowledgements, delays, completion and measured outcomes.
EXAMPLE WORK PACKETILLUSTRATIVE
Prepare campaign C
A decision becomes executable only when its conditions are satisfied.
- Material
- 150 dry t from source A
100 dry t from source B - Destination
- Designated preparation area → agreed toll campaign
- Accountability
- Mine supervisor: reclaim
Logistics coordinator: dispatch
Processor: accepted campaign - Timing
- Against a confirmed receiving window and dispatch deadline
- Release conditions
- Verified unreserved stock, accepted capacity, qualified feed envelope, valid mandate or named approval
- Stop conditions
- Material evidence changes, slot is withdrawn or conditions expire
- Completion evidence
- Matched load identities, measured quantities, receipt and campaign results
Inspect the minimum information contracts +
| Record | Minimum fields | Required behaviour |
|---|---|---|
| Observation | Observation ID, lot/source, location, event time, recorded time, value, unit, wet/dry basis, method, source, quality flag. | Preserve original evidence. Quarantine ambiguous identity or unit conversions; record corrections as linked events. |
| Candidate action | State version, source quantities, destination, sequence, requested settings, resources, prerequisites, owner. | Separate executable alternatives from proposals needing technical validation. Include continue, defer and collect-evidence choices. |
| Forecast | State + action + model version, physical outcomes, joint scenarios, uncertainty, commercial assumptions. | Preserve dependencies between recovery, grade, throughput and cost. Flag extrapolation beyond tested conditions. |
| Commitment | Plan/action IDs, accepted party, reserved quantities/slots, authority, validity window, status. | Recheck state and authority on release. Prevent double allocation. Track withdrawal, partial completion and retries. |
| Outcome | Action/lot/campaign links, actual inputs and outputs, losses, timing, costs, product acceptance. | Use reconciled outcomes for process-model evaluation. Preserve open discrepancies and identify the technical owner of formal reconciliation. |
04 / FOLLOW ONE DECISIONOne mission.
One mission.
Through to the result.
Follow an agent handling a revised assay and a changed processing window. It investigates, develops a response and carries accepted work forward. All records and quantities here are illustrative.
TRY THE RELEASE GATEReasoning becomes action
Reasoning becomes action
through a release contract.
For the illustrative 250 dry t campaign, assume six hours of toll capacity are needed. Change the evidence and commitments to see the correct operating response.
This illustrative check covers four conditions. A deployed release also validates the recipe, deadlines, reservations and other binding limits. The authority may be a standing mandate or a specific approval.
05 / EXECUTION & FOLLOW-THROUGHOwn the follow-through.
Own the follow-through.
Close the operating loop.
COORDINATE
1
Propose
Agent develops the action, evidence and conditions.
2
Accept & reserve
Confirm authority and counterparties; reserve stock and capacity.
EXECUTE
3
Release & acknowledge
Agent revalidates and issues authorised work; operator acknowledges.
4
Track completion
Agent pursues missing updates and adapts to delays and partial work.
CLOSE THE LOOP
5
Reconcile
Match physical results to the original work.
6
Evaluate
Compare realized outcomes with recorded expectations.
Continuing, waiting and stopping
are valid decisions.
Plan remains feasibleContinue; update status without needless replanning.
Evidence is insufficientRequest a measurement; preserve the unresolved uncertainty.
Partner has not acceptedWait or propose an alternative; do not release dependent work.
A commitment becomes invalidHold affected unreleased work, notify its owner, release unused reservations and replan. Active plant responses follow site procedures.
No feasible action existsEscalate the binding constraint to the person who can change it.
06 / CONCRETE IMPLEMENTATIONA coherent product.
A coherent product.
A selective set of dependencies.
Build the application and agent workflows with familiar web engineering. Bring in specialist capabilities where the validity of the mining model matters. Choose integrations for a defined operating need.
IMPLEMENTATION / ONE APPLICATION, CLEAR INTERFACESProposed stack
ONE USER EXPERIENCE
Plan · Material · Missions · Decisions · Results
React / TypeScript web app and mobile PWA
↕ Authenticated application API
Product backend
Python / FastAPI
Domain records, permissions and release checks
Agent runtime & workers
Persistent sessions, planning, tool use, delegation and analytical execution
Durable work
Temporal workflows
Callbacks, retries, deadlines and resumable work
PostgreSQLOperational state, decisions and reservations
Object storageOriginal evidence, reports and model artefacts
Typed adaptersApproved files, vendor interfaces and partner actions
What each part actually does
Product ownership + technical contract| Responsibility | Implementation | Product behaviour | Acceptance evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating workspace | React / TypeScript PWA ↗Shared web and phone experience | Mission progress, material position, decisions and partner acknowledgements; offline observation capture with visible synchronisation status. | Usable field workflow; no silent stale-state release or duplicate records after reconnection. |
| AI executive | Provider-neutral agent runtimePersistent sessions + typed tools + controlled analytical workspace | Read multimodal evidence, form and revise plans, delegate focused work, run analysis, invoke specialist tools and pursue tasks through to completion. | Complete operating cases with grounded conclusions, correct tool use, bounded cost and reliable follow-through. Evaluate the workflow, not just a single answer. |
| Shared operational model | PostgreSQL ↗ + object storageSource versions, relations and transactional reservations | Connect lots, samples, movements, campaigns, products and shipments to resources, decisions and commitments. Preserve the authoritative source for each record. | Corrections retain provenance; competing plans cannot reserve the same capacity or stock; original documents remain inspectable. |
| Execution & resilience | Temporal ↗ + backend policiesDurable work and external acceptance | Carry agent work across delays and restarts; wait for counterparties, recheck prerequisites, release authorised actions and track completion. | Idempotent actions, tested retries, expiry, revocation and partial completion. Durable execution does not itself establish operating authority. |
| Mining intelligence | Specialist contractsApproved outputs → validated packages → selected service integrations | Use engineering plans, qualified recipes and process models. Request specialist calculations when a decision needs them; keep proposals distinct from validated operating knowledge. | Technical owner, version, valid input range, units, assumptions, uncertainty and reference cases for each capability. |
| Evaluation & improvement | Replayable cases + versioned skillsDecision journal, tool traces and outcome evaluation | Improve agent procedures, investigate deviations and propose experiments. Join original forecasts to actual executed actions and reconciled results. | Comparison against manual and configured-automation baselines. Technical model changes require the responsible engineer’s acceptance. |
THE SPECIALIST CONTRACT
A useful result has a validity boundary.
Our team owns the interface and workflow. The specialist owns the technical basis. A solver library supplies algorithms; it does not supply a valid mining model.
State + candidate action
Identified lots, assays, moisture, route, quantities, timing and resource context.
Approved calculation
Versioned plan, response table, calculation package or external service.
Decision-ready evidence
Feasibility, outcomes, assumptions, valid ranges, uncertainty and technical owner.
↶ Executed action + measured outcome → agent investigation → specialist validation → accepted revision
Three ways to supply mining expertise +
Import a plan or recipe
CSV, JSON or an approved document. Establish source IDs, versions and the review cadence. Suitable where the engineering decision changes less frequently than daily coordination.
Run the specialist’s calculation
A licensed, tested calculation package or response table with a technical owner. Agree deployment rights, reference cases, limitations and maintenance.
Invoke a specialist system
Use a supported API or batch interface when frequent scenarios justify it. Demonstrate actual fields, runtime rights, latency, errors, licensing and result export.
Existing technology: reuse selectively and compete honestly +
| Capability | Existing option | Our implementation decision |
|---|---|---|
| Approved mine plan | Sound Mining work announced by Ferrox | Consume approved outputs and revisions. The public announcement does not specify the installed software or its interfaces. |
| Material / commercial records | Datamine MineMarket ↗ | Reuse where present and suitable. Documented CSV/XML adapters and exports need site-specific configuration; reporting access and transactional writes are different capabilities. |
| Integrated optimisation | Deswik BOLT ↗ | A specialist candidate with documented scenario/reporting API capabilities. Validate model fit, unattended execution and licensing before selecting it. |
| Industrial AI platforms | Foundry + AIP ↗ Cognite Data Fusion + Atlas AI ↗ | Credible alternatives and potential existing foundations. A broad platform purchase is not a prerequisite for this product. Differentiation must come from workflow fit and demonstrated operating value. |
| Process intelligence | IntelliSense.io ↗ | Potential specialist supplier or competitor. Cloud/hybrid deployment exists; applicability to Tivani’s actual circuit and data must be demonstrated. |
These are evaluated market options, not Ferrox’s confirmed software inventory, selected vendors or claims that every product exposes a ready-made service for this OS.
Integration questions that change the design +
| Connection | Minimum useful exchange | Resolve before committing |
|---|---|---|
| Mine planner / contractor | Approved source sequence, work, quantities, available equipment and actual movements. | Which plan/version is authoritative? How are revisions and contractor acceptance represented? |
| Lab / weighbridge / surveys | Lot and sample IDs, mass, moisture, assay basis, timestamps and revisions. | Can the same material be traced? How do corrections, missing samples and calibration status reach us? |
| Toll processor | Accepted slot, route, feed receipts, campaign settings and measured product/reject records. | What data and operating requests does the agreement permit? Can input and output be matched by campaign? |
| Maintenance / utilities / site controls | Resource readiness, outages, personnel availability and authorised holds. | Who owns each constraint? How fresh must it be? What happens when communications fail? |
| Commercial / logistics | Qualified specifications, costs, approved terms, shipment bookings and acceptance. | Which terms are binding? Who may commit spend, accept a change or release a consignment? |
| Every software interface | Authenticated reads, supported actions, source versions and confirmations. | Exact API entitlement, sandbox, write semantics, retries, export rights, data boundaries and total support cost. |
Deployment starts with the real information estate. Use existing authoritative records where available; own missing operational workflows in Mine OS. A disconnected site can capture observations for later synchronisation. Stale data remains visible and cannot silently authorise a new release.
07 / A SELLABLE FIRST DEPLOYMENTComplete one route.
Complete one route.
Build the operating product.
Offer a bounded deployment for one agreed route, one toll partner and several complete campaigns. A COO or site manager sponsors it; a technical owner and integration owner make it operational.
Connect the operation
Confirm current commissioning status, identities, approved route, data access and decision rights. Import a real campaign or trial.
Exit evidence
Traceable records, usable specialist outputs and an agreed baseline. Resolve access and measurement gaps before promising optimisation.
Run complete missions
Let agents investigate, analyse, call tools and develop plans alongside the team. Compare results with current practice and configured automation.
Exit evidence
Correct conclusions and useful alternatives; reliable handling of late data, tool failures and conflicting records.
Coordinate production
Use defined authority to secure acceptance, release approved work, follow progress and close campaign records.
Exit evidence
Accountable end-to-end execution and measured benefit. First live changes follow the agreed supervised pilot scope.
Expand delegated work
Broaden proven playbooks, connected routes and planning horizons. Add specialist models where decisions justify them.
Exit evidence
Sustained outcomes, manageable support cost and explicit operational ownership of every expanded mandate.
AI production coordination
A daily operating workspace, agents that carry tasks through to completion, connected partner workflows, and a reliable campaign record.
Fixed-scope implementation and pilot, followed by a supported site subscription. Specialist licences, engineering work and substantial new integrations are priced explicitly.
Measure the operating result.
- Time to prepare a feasible campaign and resolve exceptions.
- Missing evidence, missed commitments and avoidable rework.
- Time to close and explain a campaign.
- Qualified dry tonnes and contribution, once costs and sales terms support the calculation.
Agree comparison conditions in advance. Separate agent quality, workflow efficiency and physical production improvement; avoid counting the same benefit twice.
If demonstration production has not started: begin with commissioning readiness and traceable trial campaigns. The August announcement describes a target; it does not confirm current commissioning or operating results. No recovery uplift, ROI or deployment date is claimed here.
08 / EVIDENCE & REPORT ALIGNMENTTrace the design
Trace the design
back to its evidence.
Company sources establish the announced route. Product ownership, agent missions, delegation and implementation are our proposed design. Vendor documentation establishes available capabilities, not installed Tivani integrations.
Company-reported plan Proposed OS behaviour Requires operating evidence
| Operating step | What the source establishes | How the OS aligns | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine & identify material | COMPANY PLAN Contractor-led open pit; weathered material precedes fresh rock requiring drilling and blasting. Geology varies by seam. | Only approved accessible sources become options. Source identity and grade control persist through movements; the OS does not invent a new mine design. | Mining strategy ↗ Geology ↗ |
| Prepare material | ANNOUNCED PATHWAY The 25 August update describes on-site ore preparation and wash-plant works. | Track dry mass, moisture, rejects and destination. Source blending is a proposed decision capability, enabled only after an approved recipe envelope exists. | 25 Aug update ↗ |
| Process a campaign | ANNOUNCED PATHWAY Demonstration production uses a third-party toll route; final parameters depend on commissioning and metallurgy. | Require an agreed campaign, accepted capacity, applicable flowsheet and matched outcome records. Settings are requestable only within contractual rights. | 25 Aug update ↗ |
| Choose the correct process route | DECK CONCEPTS Deck p. 11 describes concentration and kiln upgrading. Its p. 24 diagram is dated 2020; p. 25 describes a changed separation sequence and conditional regrinding. | Store flowsheet versions. Do not merge these diagrams into an assumed operating toll circuit, or treat conceptual equipment capacities as available capacity. | Aug 2026 deck pp. 11, 24–25 ↗ |
| Qualify the product | TARGETS, NOT RESULTS The update targets about 56% TiO₂ ilmenite and 62% Fe magnetite. Deck p. 11 associates 56% ilmenite with upgrading from a 44% concentrate. | Treat grade as a route-specific target until testwork and customer acceptance establish the specification. Do not assume the toll route’s exact upgrading steps or realized recovery. | Update ↗ Deck p. 11 ↗ |
| Sell & deliver | COMMERCIAL PROPOSALS Deck pp. 12 and 29 identify potential buyers and LOIs in progress. The FAQ says financial models assume trucking while rail agreements are being pursued. | Use confirmed orders, product terms and booked logistics. Separate potential buyers from accepted commitments, and truck assumptions from future rail options. | Deck pp. 12, 29 ↗ FAQ ↗ |
| Observe, decide, execute, learn | PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN Public sources describe the operating context; they do not establish an installed Mine OS, current sensor estate or a trained Tivani response model. | Build the unified operating product and agent workflows. Source validated mining knowledge, establish partner access, and evaluate complete operating cases. | OS contracts ↑ Validation gates ↑ |
Underlying technical reports: listed, not fully reviewed
Ferrox’s FAQ identifies the October 2025 NI 43-101 report, September 2025 concentrator and pre-reduction RFPs, the 2023 Valinger readiness report, 2019 SGS sampling report and historical metallurgical studies. Their full contents were not available for this review. They cannot be treated as validated model inputs merely because the company lists them.
- Obtain the controlling mine plan, approved flowsheet, testwork and assay QA/QC.
- Resolve demonstration versus larger-plant process scope and the route to the target product grade.
- Confirm actual capacity, toll terms, product specifications, operating data and delegated authority.
09 / MINING TERMS, EXPLAINEDThe language of the mine.
The language of the mine.
In plain English.
Definitions for the mining, processing and operating terms used in this guide. Hover over dotted-underlined words to read a definition in place. Keyboard focus also reveals it; tap on touchscreens to open the full card.
Toll
Pay another operator to process the material.
Campaign
A defined run with identified material, timing and conditions.
Blend
Combine measured quantities from different sources.
No matching terms. Try a shorter word or clear the search.
Core operating terms8 terms +
Toll processing / toll milling
Paying another operator to process material at its plant under an agreed contract.
In this OS: the external processor must accept the material, time window and operating terms. “Toll” is the processing arrangement.
Matsa · toll-milling agreement example ↗Campaign
A defined production run covering identified material, a time period and agreed operating conditions. It can include many truckloads.
In this OS: one campaign ID links the input material, processing records and resulting products.
Telson · processing-campaign example ↗Blend / blending
Material from two or more sources mixed in specified proportions to achieve required feed characteristics.
In this OS: 150 dry t from A plus 100 dry t from B is an illustrative blend, subject to an approved recipe.
Xie et al. · stockpile blending research ↗Feed
The material entering a particular processing stage.
In this OS: always identify which stage receives the feed and on what mass and quality basis it is accepted.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Lot / parcel
An identified quantity of material tracked as a unit for sampling, movement, processing or sale.
In this OS: the lot ID connects a sample or receipt to the correct physical material.
Operating meaning used in this guideConcentrate
A product enriched in the valuable mineral or component after separation from other material.
In this OS: concentrate still needs testing against the agreed product specification.
Environment Canada · metal-mining glossary ↗Stockpile / stock
Stored material waiting for processing, blending or shipment.
In this OS: record its identity, location, quantity, quality and any amount already reserved.
IAMGOLD · mining glossary ↗Reclaim
Take material out of a stockpile for the next operation.
In this OS: reclaim means retrieving stored material. Land reclamation is a separate activity.
Operating meaning used in this guideQuantity, quality & accounting15 terms +
Assay
A laboratory analysis that measures a sample’s composition, such as its iron or titanium-dioxide content.
In this OS: keep the sample ID, related lot, method, date and reporting basis. An assay is a sample result, not a weight measurement.
IAMGOLD · mining glossary ↗Grade
The concentration of a named valuable component in material, commonly reported as a percentage by mass.
In this OS: 62% Fe describes iron content. It does not mean that 62% of the feed became product.
IAMGOLD · mining glossary ↗Dry mass / dry tonnes
The mass of solid material after excluding moisture. One tonne (t) is 1,000 kg.
Wet-basis calculation: dry mass = wet mass × (1 − moisture fraction). For example, 100 wet t at 10% moisture contains 90 dry t.
Bureau Veritas · wet and dry mass ↗Wet mass / wet tonnes
The total mass of material including its water.
In this OS: subtract vehicle or container weight first, then use a matched moisture measurement to calculate dry mass.
Bureau Veritas · wet and dry mass ↗Moisture
The water contained in material. Its percentage must state the calculation basis.
Here, wet-basis moisture = water mass ÷ total wet mass. A dry-basis percentage uses dry mass instead and requires a different conversion.
Bureau Veritas · wet and dry mass ↗Material yield
The fraction of input dry solids retained in a specified output stream.
Example: 80 dry t of prepared feed from 100 dry t of input is 80% material yield. Name the output stream; this is not metal recovery.
Operating meaning used in this guideMineral / metal recovery
The fraction of a specified valuable component in the feed that reaches the selected product.
Example: 8 t of iron in product from 10 t of iron in feed is 80% iron recovery. This differs from product grade and material yield.
IAMGOLD · mining glossary ↗Throughput / feed rate
The quantity of material actually processed per unit of time, such as dry tonnes per hour.
In this OS: distinguish the measured rate from the capacity booked or assumed in a plan.
Operating meaning used in this guideRejects
Material separated out of the main product route during preparation or processing.
In this OS: track its mass, composition and destination. A reject stream can still contain valuable minerals.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Tailings
Residual material left after the valuable minerals have been separated during processing.
In this OS: account for solids and water and identify the approved destination. Tailings need not be free of valuable material.
Environment Canada · metal-mining glossary ↗Losses
A reduction in material or valuable content reaching the intended output, relative to a defined input and boundary.
In this OS: separate measured reject streams, spills, inventory changes and unexplained discrepancies. Water removal is not dry-solids loss.
SGS · metallurgical accounting ↗Mass balance / material balance
An accounting check that material entering a boundary equals material leaving it plus the change in material stored inside.
In this OS: use matched periods and consistent wet/dry units. Keep unexplained differences visible instead of forcing the totals to agree.
SGS · metallurgical accounting ↗Reconciliation
Compare related records and measurements, investigate differences, and establish a consistent account of the operation.
In this OS: reconciliation checks the evidence; it is separate from changing a predictive model.
SGS · metallurgical accounting ↗Sampling / representative sample
Taking a portion of material for measurement so its properties can inform an assessment of the larger lot.
In this OS: an accurate lab result is useful only when the sampling method and lot identity are credible.
SGS · mineral sampling ↗Particle-size distribution
The proportions of a material sample falling into different particle-size ranges.
In this OS: size can affect preparation, separation, processing rate and product quality.
Metso · concentrator process stages ↗The mine & material movements12 terms +
Ore
Material containing valuable minerals that can be economically extracted under the relevant conditions.
In this guide: public descriptions of ore do not establish current recoverable value for every lot.
Environment Canada · metal-mining glossary ↗Open pit
A surface mine excavated from above rather than through underground tunnels.
In this OS: the approved mine plan controls which locations can be worked.
Environment Canada · metal-mining glossary ↗Weathered material / fresh rock
Weathered material has been altered or broken down near the surface. Fresh rock is comparatively unweathered.
In this OS: these are distinct material conditions that can require different mining and processing assumptions.
Ferrox · mining strategy ↗Seam
A distinct mineral-bearing layer within the deposit.
In this OS: retain the source layer’s identity; do not treat the whole mineralised zone as one uniform material.
Ferrox · Tivani geology ↗Strike / strike-first mining
Strike is the horizontal direction along a geological layer. Mining along strike follows that layer laterally.
In this guide: Ferrox describes progressing along strike before deepening the excavation.
Ferrox · mining strategy ↗Mine plan / mining sequence
The approved arrangement and order of extraction, including access, material destinations and operating limits.
In this OS: feasible choices must respect this plan and its required predecessors.
Ferrox · mining strategy ↗Grade control
Sampling, interpretation and operational checks used to identify material quality and direct it to the right destination.
In this OS: maintain the link between source, quality evidence and destination.
Ferrox · mining strategy ↗Segregation
Keeping materials from different sources or quality classes separate.
In this OS: preserve the option to choose a suitable source or make a controlled blend later.
Operating meaning used in this guideHaulage
Transporting mined material, commonly by truck, between mining, storage or processing locations.
In this OS: haulage consumes time and capacity and needs a confirmed destination.
Ferrox · mining strategy ↗Dispatch
Assigning and sending a load or vehicle to its next destination.
In this OS: link departure, quantity, destination and expected receiving time to the same load ID.
Operating meaning used in this guideWeighbridge
A scale used to weigh loaded and unloaded vehicles to determine the net load mass.
In this OS: retain gross weight, empty-vehicle weight, net load and measurement time.
Operating meaning used in this guideStock survey
A measurement of stored material, often estimating its volume from surveyed shape.
In this OS: converting surveyed volume to mass needs a suitable bulk-density and moisture basis; it is not a direct scale reading.
Operating meaning used in this guideProcessing routes & plant development13 terms +
Flowsheet / process circuit
A diagram of processing steps, their connections and the material streams between them. A circuit is a connected group of those operations.
In this OS: use the approved version for the actual route; different concept drawings are not interchangeable.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Washing / wash plant
Using water and mechanical action to clean or prepare material and remove unwanted components such as clay or fines.
In this OS: record the prepared solids, removed material, water and resulting feed quality.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Crushing
Breaking larger rock into smaller pieces.
In this OS: use only equipment and operating limits approved for the selected route.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Milling / grinding
Reducing particles to a finer size to help separate minerals. “Milling” can also refer more broadly to the overall treatment plant.
In this OS: an agreed toll-milling service must specify the actual processing steps.
Environment Canada · metal-mining glossary ↗Ball mill
A rotating mill that uses balls as grinding media to break material into smaller particles.
In this guide: equipment in a concept deck is not evidence of installed or available capacity.
IAMGOLD · mining glossary ↗Concentration / concentrator
Separating valuable minerals from other material to produce a richer concentrate. A concentrator is the plant performing this work.
In this OS: measure both product quantity and composition; enrichment alone does not establish recovery.
Metso · concentrator process stages ↗Density / magnetic separation
Density separation exploits differences in particle density; magnetic separation exploits differences in magnetic response.
In this guide: the approved flowsheet determines the order and conditions of these steps.
Multotec · mineral processing ↗Kiln / pre-reduction / upgrading
A kiln is a high-temperature processing unit. Pre-reduction partially removes chemically bound oxygen; upgrading improves material quality or valuable-component concentration.
In this guide: the deck’s kiln route is separate from the announced preparation-and-toll route until the actual scope is confirmed.
Ferrox · corporate presentation, p. 11 ↗Metallurgy / testwork
Metallurgy studies how valuable minerals or metals can be separated and treated. Testwork measures how particular material responds to proposed processes.
In this OS: site-specific test results are needed to support operating limits and response models.
SGS · metallurgical testwork ↗Commissioning
Testing and bringing equipment and connected plant systems into service.
In this guide: an announced target or equipment drawing does not demonstrate completed commissioning.
Operating meaning used in this guideRamp-up
The period in which an operation builds toward stable, intended production after start-up.
In this OS: prioritize repeatable qualified production within agreed resources before expanding responsibility.
Operating meaning used in this guideDemonstration production
Production intended to demonstrate that a proposed material route can work in practice before broader development.
In this guide: this is the pathway announced by Ferrox, with completion and performance still requiring evidence.
Ferrox · announced demonstration route ↗Downstream
Later in the processing or commercial chain, toward the eventual product and customer.
In this guide: downstream upgrading concepts are kept distinct from the demonstration scope.
Operating meaning used in this guideProducts, commitments & execution10 terms +
Ilmenite
A titanium-bearing iron-oxide mineral used as a source of titanium.
In this guide: ilmenite concentrate is a proposed product; its specified TiO₂ grade depends on the actual processing route.
USGS · titanium minerals ↗Magnetite
A magnetic iron-oxide mineral and a source of iron.
In this guide: magnetite concentrate is a proposed product whose iron grade and acceptance need measurement.
Ferrox · Tivani geology ↗Fe / TiO₂
Fe is the chemical symbol for iron. TiO₂ is titanium dioxide, the stated basis of the titanium-product grade in this guide.
In this OS: keep the reported chemical basis explicit. A percentage of TiO₂ is not the same as a percentage of elemental titanium.
USGS · titanium minerals ↗Capacity / availability
Capacity is how much work a resource can support in a stated period. Availability says whether and when that resource is usable.
In this OS: a plant’s nameplate rating is not confirmed campaign capacity; existing commitments and downtime also matter.
Operating meaning used in this guideToll slot / receiving window
A specified period in which a processor or destination agrees to receive or treat material.
In this OS: a requested slot becomes a commitment only after acceptance.
Operating meaning used in this guideProduct specification / qualification
The agreed quality and other requirements material must meet. Qualification checks the evidence against those requirements.
In this OS: the required tests and acceptance limits come from approved engineering and customer terms.
Operating meaning used in this guideProduct acceptance
Confirmation that a particular product lot meets the receiving party’s agreed requirements.
In this OS: passing a lab test, delivering a shipment and receiving customer acceptance are separately recorded events.
Operating meaning used in this guideAcknowledgement
Confirmation that an instruction or message was received or accepted, according to the agreed workflow.
In this OS: acknowledgement does not by itself prove physical completion.
Operating meaning used in this guideOperating envelope / recipe
The approved combinations of material, settings and conditions within which work may be performed. A recipe specifies a permitted mix or treatment.
In this OS: predictions alone cannot authorize operation outside these bounds.
Operating meaning used in this guideOfftake
An arrangement for a buyer to purchase output under specified terms.
In this guide: potential buyers and letters of intent are kept separate from executed purchase commitments.
Telson · processing-campaign example ↗Reports & abbreviations4 terms +
QA/QC
Quality assurance / quality control: procedures to prevent errors and checks used to detect them in sampling, measurement and reporting.
In this OS: preserve laboratory methods, quality flags and relevant check results with each accepted observation.
SGS · mineral sampling ↗NI 43-101
National Instrument 43-101, the Canadian framework for disclosure of scientific and technical information about mineral projects.
In this guide: a listed NI 43-101 report is not evidence that its full contents have been reviewed.
NI 43-101 · reporting instrument ↗RFP
Request for proposal: an invitation for suppliers to propose a scope, solution and commercial offer.
In this guide: an RFP or target bidder does not establish a contract, installed equipment or operating capacity.
Operating meaning used in this guideLOI
Letter of intent: a document recording proposed intentions or terms before a definitive agreement; its effect depends on its wording.
In this guide: do not count an LOI as confirmed sales or capacity without checking its actual commitments.
Operating meaning used in this guideDefinition sources. General mining definitions are paraphrased from the primary references linked with each entry: mining operators, government publications, testing laboratories, equipment manufacturers and research. Entries labelled “Operating meaning” explain how this proposed OS uses the term. Examples from other mines establish terminology, not Tivani performance or agreements.
Terminology checked 27 October 2026. Project and technology references reviewed 27 October 2026.
REVIEWED SOURCESProject evidence.
Project evidence.
Available technology.
Explicit design choices.
Project scope is grounded in Ferrox’s operating pages, August demonstration announcement and 43-page corporate presentation. The presentation’s process diagrams were visually inspected. The underlying technical reports listed in the FAQ were not obtained in full.
01 Mining strategy & contractor-led operation ↗
02 Demonstration route & Sound Mining order · 25 Aug 2026 ↗
03 Corporate presentation · pp. 11, 24–25, 29, 42 ↗
04 Technical-report inventory & commercial context ↗
05 MineMarket integration interfaces ↗
06 BOLT planning, scenarios & data API ↗
07 Agent capabilities reference: tools, sessions & delegation ↗
08 Durable workflow implementation reference ↗
Review cutoff: 27 October 2026. Company material supports announced plans. Technology references support implementable capabilities. Neither establishes a deployed Tivani product, validated process model, commissioning outcome or executed commercial agreement. Agent and model providers remain implementation choices; the capability reference is not a vendor selection.